IPS658: Comparative Electoral Studies

Syllabus

Random selection | All | Local | Random pair generator | Random order generator

Week 1 (2/19): Course introduction

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Bartels, L.M., 2010. The study of electoral behavior. In Leighley, J.E. ed., 2010. The Oxford handbook of American elections and political behavior. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 239-61

Electoral Studies 21(2): Special issue:

Week 2 (2/26): Elections as instruments of democracy

Shark attack debate | slide

Manin, B., 1997. Principles of Representative Government. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (in French, 1995)

Bingham Powell Jr. G. 2000. Elections as Instruments of Democracy: Majoritarian and Proportional Visions. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Lijphart, Arend. 1999/2012. Patterns of Democracy. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Week 3 (3/5): Presidential and Legislative Elections in Taiwan

Week 4 (3/12): no class (全校運動會)

Week 5 (3/19): Social context

Evans, J.A.J., 2003 "Social structural theories of voting" Voters and voting: An introduction. Sage: pp42-67 here

Tsai, C.-h. (2017) ‘Who is the Taiwan voter?’, in Achen, C.H. and Wang, T.Y. (eds.) The Taiwan Voter. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, pp. 26–43. here

Liu, C.S., 2006. Communication networks and changes in electoral choices: A Study of Taiwan's 2002 mayoral elections. Journal of East Asian Studies, 6(1), pp.139-158. here

Qi, D. and Lin, S., 2021. Dividing without conquering: Generation, class, ethnicity, and nationalism in Taiwan’s 2016 presidential election. Issues & Studies, 57(03), p.2150012. here

Cheng, C.Y. and Lin, Y.T., 2023. Ethnic ties, organized opposition and voter defection in authoritarian elections. Government and Opposition, 58(3), pp.497-515. here | appendix

Week 6 (3/26): Party identification

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Johnston, R., 2006. Party identification: Unmoved mover or sum of preferences? Annual Review of Political Science, 9(1), pp.329–351. here

Liu, F.C., 2012. When Taiwan identifiers embrace the ROC: the complexity of state identification in Taiwan. Issues & Studies, 48(2), pp.1-34. here

Chen, R.L., 2021. Stability and Changes in Party Identification in Taiwan: an Examination of Life Cycle, Cohort, and Period Effects. Journal of East Asian Studies, 21(2), pp.331-352. here

Wang, T.Y. and Huang, C., 2024. The Chinese Threat and Changes of Identity in Taiwan. Asian Survey, 64(3), pp.428-451. here

Week 7 (4/2): Rational choice

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Evans, J.A.J., 2003 "Rational choice theories of voting" Voters and voting: An introduction. Sage: pp68-91 here

王鼎銘, 2001. The impacts of policy issues on voting behavior in Taiwan: A mixed logit approach. 選舉研究, 8(2), pp.95-123.

Hsieh, J.F.S., Lacy, D. and Niou, E.M., 1998. Retrospective and prospective voting in a one-party-dominant democracy: Taiwan's 1996 presidential election. Public Choice, 97(3), pp.383-399. here

Tsai, C.H. and Hsu, Y.M., 2005. Expected-Utility Voting in Taiwan’s Legislative Elections: 1995, 1998, and 2001. International political science review, 26(4), pp.397-412.

Tsai, C.-h. (2017) 'Economic voting in Taiwan: Micro- and macro-level analysis', in Achen, C.H. and Wang, T.Y. (eds.) The Taiwan Voter. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, pp. 149–167. here

Wu, C.L., Lin, A.M.W. and Chang, C., 2021. Strategic voting revisited: the case of the 2018 Taipei City mayoral election. Japanese Journal of Political Science, 22(3), pp.175-191. here

110年度全國性公民投票案第17案至第20案投票統計分析 | 109年第15任總統副總統及第10屆立法委員選舉投票統計分析 | 107年地方公職人員選舉及全國性公民投票案第7案至第16案投票統計分析 | 105年第14任總統副總統及第9屆立法委員選舉投票統計分析 | slide | Figure | data

Week 8 (4/9): Mid-term

2025 recall

Week 9 (4/16): Guest lecture

Week 10 (4/23): Electoral rules

best | ncase | slide

Carey, J.M. and Shugart, M.S., 1995. Incentives to cultivate a personal vote: A rank ordering of electoral formulas. Electoral studies, 14(4), pp.417-439.

Cox, G.W., 1997. Making votes count: strategic coordination in the world’s electoral systems. Cambridge University Press. Ch 1-3

Cox, Gary W. 1999. Electoral Rules and Electoral Coordination. Annual Review of Political Science 2 (1): 145-161.

Norris, Pippa. 2004. Electoral Engineering: Voting Rules and Political Behavior. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. (Chapter 2, pp.39-66).

Gallagher, M., 2005. The Politics of Electoral Systems. Oxford University Press.

Golder, M., 2005. Democratic Electoral Systems Around The World, 1946–2000. Electoral Studies, 24, pp.103–121.

Farrell, David. 2010. Electoral Systems: A Comparative Introduction. Palgrave.

Bormann, N.-C. and Golder, M., 2013. Democratic Electoral Systems Around the World, 1946–2011. Electoral Studies, 32, pp.360–369.

Ferree, K.E., Powell, G.B., and Scheiner, E., 2014. Context, Electoral Rules, and Party Systems. Annual Review of Political Science, 17, pp.421–439.

Week 11 (4/30): Elections in single member district

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  • Case: the United States

Riker, William H. 1982. The Two-Party System and Duverger’s Law: An Essay on the History of Political Science. American Political Science Review 76: 753-766.

Cox, 1997: Ch 4

Clark, W.R. and Golder, M., 2006. Rehabilitating Duverger’s Theory: Testing the Mechanical and Strategic Modifying Effects of Electoral Laws. Comparative Political Studies, 39(6), pp.679–708.

Carella, Leonardo; Eggers, Andrew (2023). Electoral Systems and Geographic Representation. British Journal of Political Science. 54: 40–68.

  • Taiwan

Jou, W., 2013. Examining Biases in the Single-Member District Tier of Taiwan's Electoral System. Issues & Studies, 49(4).

Lin, J.W., 2014. Resource Allocation and the Performance of Taiwan's Democratic Progressive Party in Mixed-Member Majoritarian Elections. Issues & Studies, 50(2).

Lin, J.W., 2016. The Democratic Progressive Party in majoritarian elections. In Yun-han Chu, Larry Diamond, and Kharis Templeman eds. Taiwan’s Democracy Challenged: The Chen Shui-bian Years, Boulder, co: Lynne Rienner Publishers, pp.51-72. here

Batto, N.F., 2018. Legacy candidates in Taiwan elections, 2001–2016: Just a bunch of bullies. Asian Survey, 58(3), pp.486-510.

Batto, N.F. (2022) The impact of Han Kuo-yu’s populist rhetoric in the 2018 Kaohsiung mayoral election, Journal of Electoral Studies, 29(2).

Yan, H.-T. (2022) The decision to go negative: Election types, candidate characteristics, and electoral competition, Politics and Governance, 10(4), pp. 275–285. here

Week 12 (5/7): Elections in proportional representation system

  • Case: Norway

Gallagher, Michael. 1992. Comparing Proportional Representation Electoral Systems: Quotas, Thresholds, Paradoxes and Majorities. British Journal of Political Science, Vol. 22 (4): 46-496.

Golder, Matt. 2003. Explaining Variation in the Success of Extreme Right Parties in Western Europe. Comparative Political Studies 36(4):432-466.

Blais, Andre, and Marc Andre Bodet. 2006. Does Proportional Representation Foster Closer Congruence Between Citizens and Policy Makers? Comparative Political Studies 39(10): 1243-62.

Schmidt. Gregory D. 2008. The Election of Women in List PR systems: Testing the Conventional wisdom. Electoral Studies. 28:190-203.

Carey, J. M. and Hix, S. (2011), The Electoral Sweet Spot: Low-Magnitude Proportional Electoral Systems. American Journal of Political Science, 55: 383–397.

Cox, G.W., Fiva, J.H. and Smith, D.M., 2016. The contraction effect: How proportional representation affects mobilization and turnout. The Journal of Politics, 78(4), pp.1249-1263.

Kedar, O., Harsgor, L. and Sheinerman, R. A. (2016), Are Voters Equal under Proportional Representation? American Journal of Political Science, 60: 676–691

  • Taiwan

Nemoto, K. and Tsai, C.-h. (2016) ‘Post allocation, list nominations, and preelectoral coalitions under MMM’, in Batto, N.F., Huang, C., Tan, A.C. and Cox, G.W. (eds.) Mixed-member electoral systems in constitutional context: Taiwan, Japan, and beyond. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. pp. 165–193 here

Huang, C.L., 2015. Gender quotas in Taiwan: the impact of global diffusion. Politics & Gender, 11(1), pp.207-217.

Huang, C.L., 2016. Reserved for whom? The electoral impact of gender quotas in Taiwan. Pacific Affairs, 89(2), pp.325-343. here

Tan, N., 2016. Gender reforms, electoral quotas, and women's political representation in Taiwan, South Korea, and Singapore. Pacific Affairs, 89(2), pp.309-323.

Liao, Y.C., 2024. Continuity and Change in Nomination for Party-list Candidates: A Case Study of Taiwan. Journal of Electoral Studies, 31(1). (中文) Earlier English version here

Yang, W.Y., 2018. Beyond Number: Women's Representation in Taiwan's Post-Reform Legislative Elections. Taiwan Journal of Democracy, 14(2). here

Week 13 (5/14): Elections in single non-transferable voting system

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  • Case: Japan (Senate)

Cox, G.W., 1996. Is the single nontransferable vote superproportional? Evidence from Japan and Taiwan. American Journal of Political Science, pp.740-755.

Cox, 1997: Ch 5, 9

Cox, G.W. and Thies, M.F., 1998. The cost of intraparty competition: The single, nontransferable vote and money politics in Japan. Comparative Political Studies, 31(3), pp.267-291.

Grofman, B. ed., 1999. Elections in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan under the single non-transferable vote: The comparative study of an embedded institution. University of Michigan Press.

  • Taiwan

Cox, G.W. and Niou, E., 1994. Seat bonuses under the single nontransferable vote system: Evidence from Japan and Taiwan. Comparative Politics, pp.221-236.

Hsieh, J.F.S. and Niemi, R.G., 1999. Can Duverger's Law be extended to SNTV? The case of Taiwan's legislative Yuan elections. Electoral Studies, 18(1), pp.101-116.

Tsai, C.H. (2005). Policy-Making, Local Factions and Candidate Coordination in Single Non-Transferable Voting: A Case Study of Taiwan. Party Politics, 11(1), 59–77. here

Batto, N.F., & Kim, H. A. (2012). Coordinative Advantages of State Resources under SNTV: The Case of Taiwan. Japanese Journal of Political Science, 13(3), 355–377.

Batto, N.F., 2014. Was Taiwan's electoral reform good for women? SNTV, MMM, gender quotas, and female representation. Issues and Studies, 50(2), p.39.

Rainey, C., 2016. Does district magnitude matter? The case of Taiwan. Electoral Studies, 41, pp.202-212.

Templeman, K., 2018. When do electoral quotas advance indigenous representation?: Evidence from the Taiwanese legislature. Ethnopolitics, 17(5), pp.461-484.

Batto, N.F., 2019. Female electoral success in Taiwan using SNTV with reserved female seats under authoritarianism and democracy. International Journal of Taiwan Studies, 2(1), pp.111-137. here

Pao, Cheng-hao and Daniel Davies, 2021. Indigenous political participation and indigenous voting behaviour in Taiwan. In Taiwan’s Contemporary Indigenous Peoples (pp. 165-183). Routledge.

Week 14 (5/21): Elections in mixed-member electoral systems

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  • Case: Japan (House)

Shugart, M.S., 2001. Mixed-Member Electoral Systems: The Best of Both Worlds?. Oxford University Press.

  • Taiwan

Batto, N.F., Huang, C., Tan, T.C. and Cox, G.W., 2016. Mixed-member electoral systems in constitutional context. University of Michigan Press.

Yu, C.H. and Chang, Y.C., 2010. Disproportionality under the Mixed-member System in Taiwan's Legislative Election of 2008. Japanese Journal of Electoral Studies, 25(2), pp.119-130.

Tsai, T.H., 2017. A balance between candidate-and party-centric representation under mixed-member systems: The evidence from voter behavior in Taiwan. Electoral Studies, 49, pp.17-25. here

Rich, T.S., 2018. Coattails and mixed electoral systems: Evidence from Taiwan's 2016 election. Journal of East Asian Studies, 18(1), pp.47-66. here

Wang, C.H., Weng, D.L.C. and Wang, V.W.C., 2018. Does candidate nomination in districts increase party votes of small parties? Evidence from the 2016 Taiwan legislative elections. Japanese Journal of Political Science, 19(3), pp.461-473.

Week 15 (5/28): Electoral reform

Boix, Carles. 1999. Setting the Rules of the Game: The Choice of Electoral Systems in Advanced Democracies. American Political Science Review 93 (3): 609-24.

Cox, G.W., Rosenbluth, F.M. and Thies, M.F., 1999. Electoral reform and the fate of factions: The case of Japan's Liberal Democratic Party. British journal of political science, 29(1), pp.33-56.

Andrews, Josephine T., Jackman, Robert W. 2005. Strategic Fools: Electoral rule choice under Extreme Uncertainty. Electoral Studies 24:65-84.

Benoit, K., 2007. Electoral Laws as Political Consequences: Explaining the Origins and Change of Electoral Institutions. Annual Review of Political Science, 10, pp.363–390.

Katz, R.S., 2009. Why are there so many (or so few) Electoral Reforms? In: M. Gallagher and P. Mitchell, eds. The Politics of Electoral Systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Chapter 3, pp.57–79.

Renwick, A., 2011. Electoral Reform in Europe since 1945. West European Politics, 34(3), pp.456–477.

  • Taiwan case

Hsieh, J.F.S., 2009. The origins and consequences of electoral reform in Taiwan. Issues & Studies, 45(2), pp.1-22.

Lin, J.W., 2011. The endogenous change in electoral systems: The case of SNTV. Party Politics, 17(3), pp.365-384.

Chi, E., 2014. Two-party contests and the politics of electoral reforms: The case of Taiwan. Government and Opposition, 49(4), pp.658-681. here

Week 16 (6/4): Final

Misc

  • Schools of thought

Eulau, H., 1980. The Columbia studies of personal influence: Social network analysis. Social Science History, 4(2), pp.207-228.

Crothers, C., 2024. The postwar Columbia tradition in sociology: Its cognitive commonalities and social mechanisms. Journal of Classical Sociology, 24(3), pp.243-271.

Prewitt, K. and Nie, N., 1971. Election studies of the survey research center. British Journal of Political Science, 1(4), pp.479-502.

Rusk, Jerrold (1982), The Michigan Election Studies: A Critical Evaluation, Micropolitics, pp. 87-109.

Weisberg, H.F., 2016. Reflections: The Michigan Four and their study of American voters: A biography of a collaboration. PS: Political Science & Politics, 49(4), pp.845-858.

Amadae, S.M. and Bueno de Mesquita, B., 1999. The Rochester School: The origins of positive political theory. Annual Review of Political Science, 2(1), pp.269-295.

Coronel, J.C. and Kuklinski, J.H., 2012. Political psychology at stony brook: A retrospective. Critical Review, 24(2), pp.185-198.

  • new directions

Dawes, C., Cesarini, D., Fowler, J., Johannesson, M., Magnusson, P., and Oskarsson, S., 2014. The Relationship between Genes, Psychological Traits, and Political Participation. American Journal of Political Science, 58(4), pp.888–903.

Fowler, J. and Dawes, C., 2008. Two Genes Predict Voter Turnout. Journal of Politics, 70, pp.579–594.

Journals

Some other topics

  • Second-order elections
  • Referendums / recall votes
  • Media and campaigns
  • Forecasting
  • Fraud

Elections in Taiwan

Nathan, Andrew J. 1993. "The Legislative Yuan elections in Taiwan: Consequences of the electoral system." Asian Survey 33, no. 4: 424-438.

Hsieh, J.F.S. and Niou, E.M., 1996. Issue voting in the Republic of China on Taiwan's 1992 legislative yuan election. International Political Science Review, 17(1), pp.13-27.

Copper, J.F., 1996. Taiwan's 1995 Legislative Yuan Election. Maryland Series in Contemporary Asian Studies.

Ferdinand, P., 1996. Taiwan's legislative and presidential elections 1995, 1996. Democratization, 3(4), pp.491-500.

Tan, A.C. and Yu, T.C., 2000. The december 1998 elections in Taiwan. Electoral Studies, 19(4), pp.621-628.

Chu, Y.H. and Diamond, L., 1999. Taiwan's 1998 Elections: Implications for Democratic Consolidation. Asian Survey, 39(5), pp.808-822.

Tsai, W.H. and Chen, G.P., 2001. Building a Democratic State in Modernizing Taiwan: The 2001 Legislative Election and the Push for Pluralism. Maryland Series in Contemporary Asian Studies.

Tsai, W.H., 2002. The DPP Administration Under a Dark Cloud: The 2001 Legislative Election and the Call for Cooperation. American Journal of Chinese Studies, pp.23-42.

Schafferer, C., 2003. The Legislative Yuan Election, Taiwan 2001. Electoral Studies, 22(3), pp.532-537.

Copper, J.F., 2004. Taiwan's 2004 Legislative Election: Putting it in Perspective. Maryland Series in Contemporary Asian Studies, 2004(4), p.1.

Kennedy, B.L., 2005. The 2004 Taiwanese Legislative Elections: An Inexact Science. American Journal of Chinese Studies, pp.135-161.

Muyard, F., 2008. Taiwan Elections 2008: Ma Ying-jeou’s victory and the KMT’s return to power. China Perspectives, 2008(2008/1), pp.79-94.

Shelley Rigger The 2012 Elections In Templeman, K., Chu, Y.H. and Diamond, L.J. eds., 2020. Dynamics of Democracy in Taiwan: The Ma Ying-jeou Years. Lynne Rienner Publishers

Batto, N.F., 2014. Continuity in the 2012 presidential and legislative elections. In Political Changes in Taiwan Under Ma Ying-jeou (pp. 15-36). Routledge.

Fell, D. and Chen, C., 2014. Lessons of defeat and success: Taiwan's 2012 elections in comparative perspective. Journal of Current Chinese Affairs, 43(3), pp.13-43.

Copper, J.F., 2016. Taiwan’s 2016 Presidential/Vice Presidential and Legislative Election: Reflections on the Nature of Taiwan’s Politics and Shifts Therein. Maryland Series in Contemporary Asian Studies, 2016(1), p.1.

Hsieh, J.F.S., 2019. Taiwan’s general elections of 2016. In Taiwan's Political Re-Alignment and Diplomatic Challenges, pp.49-69.

Bush, R.C., 2021. Elections and the challenges of governing in Taiwan under Tsai. In Taiwan in the Era of Tsai Ing-wen (pp. 19-38). Routledge.